Technological Innovations in the Civil War

Legal, Social, Ethical And Professional Issues - 1507 Words

DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS AND METHODS Answers for C1 and C2 of CW_COMP1648 Contents Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues 2 Section C1 2 BCS Codes of Conduct and British computer society 4 Section C2 4 Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues Section C1 The new ecommerce web store will be web base just like many other successfully ecommerce websites. All customers will need to sign up before purchasing any item from the new online store, by having to sign up the customers who is purchasing will have to provide information about the company where she/he works for. By doing that the customer will know that PE will use their customer details correctly and it will be data protected, all†¦show more content†¦Also it assurance that the data given are accurate, no alteration should be changed from the data that the customer’s will be filling in, is very important to maintain the integrity of data for the new store system in PE in order to have a secure and successfully ecommerce website. Each year that passes the growth in the internet has been massive also the computer crime has grown. Hackers are gaining unauthorised access to computer systems with intent. As mentioned before in order to protect that from happening the da ta controller will be there to protect the data from been modified and make sure that all data are secure out of data leak. Availability of Information It ensure that authorized parties customers are able to access their information when needed. Almost every week there are websites being taken down by DDoS attacks. The aim of these DDoS attacks are to deny access to the information of the website. So in order to prevent that from happening the key is to keep regular doing off-site backups or having another off-site location ready to restore services in case anything happens to the primary data. PE Customers shouldn’t have difficulties in logging in to the system it should be timely and reliable. To ensure that PE data is secure the data controller needs to make sure the data is obtained and processed fairly and lawfully, PaintEverything should collect only the data necessary from their customers forShow MoreRelatedLegal, Social, Ethical And Professional Issues1581 Words   |  7 Pages DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS AND METHODS Answers for C1 and C2 JANUARY 1, 2016 LUCAS FERREIRA GUIMARAES 000810567-7 Lucas Ferreira Guimaraes -- Student ID No. 000810567-7 1 Contents Legal, Social, Ethical and Professional Issues .......................................................................... 2 Section C1 ............................................................................................................................................ 2 BCS CodesRead MoreProfessional Legal Ethical and Social Issues Essay2434 Words   |  10 PagesPROFESSIONAL LEGAL ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES Lecture capture system provides institutions with useful learning resources and enables learners to get access to huge volume of content on demand. This system obviously is useful for distance learning, revision and re-use of materials. With advancement in IT sector day by day in all aspects of life, creating more opportunity and success in all fields. There come also various issues like Professional, legal, ethical and social related which one mayRead MoreMoral Ethics And Values Based Dilemmas871 Words   |  4 Pagesdilemmas are ethical principles that difficult to handle at a workplace when employees have to choose what is wrong and right according to their own ethics. An effective ethics program must complement the values of the organization along with the values in the law. Good ethical behavior for any business is always a fundamental to its success. The main key for business owners and managements is to ensure all employees understand all the ethics. This paper discusses h ow Bank of America ethical principlesRead MoreInformation And Communication Technologies ( Icts )909 Words   |  4 Pagesproblem to the patient. The monitoring systems like infant warmer makes alarms when temperature rises or falls, Numerous risk points contribute to alarm- and monitoring-related adverse events, including alarm fatigue, com-munication breakdowns, training issues, and equipment failures. According to Pelczarski, alarm fatigue is one of the most common contributors to alarm failures. â€Å"Staff become overwhelmed by the sheer number of alarm signals, which results in alarm desensitization and delayed response orRead MoreBusiness Practices Of The West Houston Medical Center Organization847 Words   |  4 Pagesbe accepted by the community, not to mention in order to ensure a successful business. Ethical values can have a focal point on organizational concerns which assist the company in adhere to respectable practices within their establishment or corporation. I am part of the West Houston Medical Center organization, and the hospital’s mission statement states: â€Å"We are a family of dedicated Healthcare professionals committed to providing exceptional healthcare and service by exceeding the expectationsRead MoreCybercrime And The Fight Against Cybercrime1227 Words   |  5 Pagesovershadowed the debate on the ethical, social and legal issues that have accompanied the advent of information systems (Schell Martin, 2004). In particular, while many people are aware of cybercrime, very few understand its far-reaching implications. For this reason, this discussion will focus on exploring cybercrime, with a special focus on its legal, ethical and social impacts. In doing so, it will also comment on the responsibilities that computing professionals must undertake in the fight againstRead MoreSocial Care Environment: Ethical Practice Essay1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhen working in a social care environment, ethical practice plays a m ajor part in every aspect of your work. This essay will explain what ethical practise is, how it affects the social care industry, and some examples as to how it could play an important role in daily work. Ethical practise is difficult to properly define. â€Å"Caseworkers, supervisors, and other staff should be guided by an overarching set of ethical standards that inform their decision-making and conduct when working with childrenRead MorePrivacy and Computer Technology1813 Words   |  7 Pagesso are ethical issues. Because of the widespread, computer ethics are boiling down distinguishing what is good from what is wrong mentality. Everyones view on computer ethics differ, however all should keep in mind the value of ethics when making decisions that are ethics based. The golden rules of computer ethics state that, one should do to one another what he/she thinks should be done to them and if at least quite a number of people obey the golden rule, then there would be no many issues concerningRead MorePatient Confidentiality1042 Words   |  5 PagesDescription of the Ethical Issue In a technological world protecting patients’ information has become harder and harder to maintain. Todays new threat is social media. According to Elizabeth Scruth, et. al, (2015) social netweorking is one of the most common types of social media being used (para. 5). We live in an era where social media is being used as our own personal journals. Everyday personal experiences and the happenings of our day to day lives are constantly being posted on social networking sitesRead MoreCode of Ethics for Computer Professionals1134 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessions have codes of ethics and for the same reasons computer professionals need a code of ethics. Professions that have been in existence for many more years than the information profession have had time to recognise their ethical responsibilities. In the information field it can be more difficult to immediately recognise who is affected by the actions of an individual or organisation. This does not mean that information prof essionals have no moral responsibilities. It is common across all professions

What Is Civil Religion and How Does It Affect Christians Free Essays

Abstract: What is civil religion and how does it affect Christians? That is the question that this paper will examine. This paper identifies what civil religion is and how it has evolved over the years. In the Literature Review, this paper examines and summarizes the different sources’ opinions and definitions of civil religion. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Civil Religion and How Does It Affect Christians or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also discusses how politicians do not actually use the term â€Å"civil religion,† but imply it in their speeches. This paper discusses the themes of civil religion and how various authors predict that this may become a universalized religion. Then it ill discuss all four authors’ different conclusions on civil religion and how they think that civil religion will affect America and religion. The paper concludes by looking into the future and explaining how civil religion does and might affect Christians. Introduction: Robert Bellah defines civil religion as â€Å"the public religious dimension that plays a crucial role in the development of American institutions that is expressed in a set of beliefs, symbols, and rituals†(228). The term â€Å"civil religion† was first coined in the 8th chapter of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s book The Social Contract (1762). For Rousseau, civil religion was simply a form of social cement, providing the state with sacred authority to help unify itself. Rousseau’s simple outline of the principles of civil religion is: (1) Deity, (2) life to come, (3) the reward of virtue and the punishment of vice, and (4) the exclusion of religious intolerance (252). Rousseau believed that this group of religious beliefs is universal and that the government has a right to sustain it. He also said that individuals’ religious opinions are outside the bounds of the government (252-253). History has made many different references to forms of civil religion, ut the main study done by Robert Bellah and Martin Marty took place in the 1960s and 1970s. They studied civil religion as a cultural phenomenon in an attempt to identify the principles of civil religion. In the United States, civil religion is commonly referred to as â€Å"Judeo-Christian tradition,† intended to include several monotheisms that are pr acticed in the United States (Wikipedia). While looking into civil religion, we will see different scholarly arguments and the affect it may have on Christianity. Summaries: In researching civil religion, I found many books and essays that give definitions and iews on civil religion. Robert Bellah is the main voice of this movement and has written many articles on this topic. In the article â€Å"Civil Religion in America† by Robert Bellah, civil religion is defined as â€Å"the public religious dimension that plays a crucial role in the development of American institutions that is expressed in a set of beliefs, symbols, and rituals†(228). Bellah claims that civil religion has its own seriousness and integrity and that it requires the same care in understanding as any other religion does (225). In his article, Bellah tells us where the idea of ivil religion comes from. He claims that the Declaration of Independence has four references to God, and that the founding fathers’ words and acts are what shaped the form and tone of civil religion today (231-232). He continues with the description of civil religion today. Bellah ar gues that civil religion at its best is a genuine apprehension of universal and transcendent religious reality as seen through the experience of the American people (238). He predicts that American civil religion may become a part of a new civil religion of the world. The difference eing that instead of it being drawn from Biblical traditions, it would be drawn from religious, non-biblical traditions (245). Later Bellah wrote â€Å"American Civil Religion in the 1970s† in response to the criticism he had received from his previous article â€Å"Civil Religion in America. † He begins with claiming the rights to the term â€Å"civil religion†. He claims that although there are many references to â€Å"civil religion† in previous years, he is the one who coined the term (255). There is some disagreement on this claim. Some agree with Bellah, but others argue that Jean-Jacques Rousseau coined the erm in his book The Social Contract. Although Rousseau might have coined the term, Bellah’s and his definitions of civil religion have some differences. While Rouseau saw it as a form of social cement that provided the state with sacred authority to help unify itself, Bellah views it as a public religious element that is vital to the maturation of American institutions. Rousseaus’s definition is simpler, because the year in which he defined civil religion, allowed a simpler definition. Bellah says that the distinction between civil religion and public theology is a major ontribution to the discussion of civil religion (258). Bellah further claims that a variety of public theologies is a guarantee to the honesty of civil religion (259). He suggests that American civil religion is a current reality and one that we will probably grapple with in the future (264). Bellah does not think that American civil religion is dying, but it is rather pointing to the fact that some linkage between religion, morality, and politics seems to exist (270). He closes by stating that â€Å"the crisis in the civil religion is deepening even more rapidly than I had expected† (272). In â€Å"Civil Religion and America’s Inclusive Faith,† Barry Hankins seeks to give us a better understanding of what civil religion is, its evolution into what it is today, and its role in politics. Hankins claims that most American presidents â€Å"have integrated religion into their political speeches† and that scholars have labeled this integration â€Å"civil religion. † He defines civil religion as the blending of religion and patriotism to the point that it is impossible to separate them from another. Hankins says that this occurs when either politicians discuss eligion or when pastors discuss political or national affairs. He continues with how in a country like the United States, civil religion can potentially fail if it excludes too many people; therefore, it needs to be an inclusive faith. Hankins claims that in the evolution of American civil religion, it has employed five themes consistently: the first theme is the â€Å"chosen nation themeâ € , second is â€Å"civic millennialism†, third is the theme that there must be â€Å"a form of religious consensus or common thread that binds people together religiously†, fourth theme is a â€Å"fusion of iblical beliefs with a deistic notion of God that is very general†, and fifth is the theme of â€Å"historical authentication. † Hankins continues with the discussion on how different presidents have employed civil religion and its themes throughout the years. He ends with the claim that the form of civil religion that best fits the description in his essay is a priestly or pastoral civil religion (Hankins). Hankins and Bellah discuss the different presidents who have mentioned civil religion in passing. Though the presidents may not have used the term â€Å"civil religion,† these writers ssert that it was implied. They use quotes from these presidents for the benefit of their own argument. Those presidents are John F. Kennedy, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, George W. Bush, and Ronald Reagan. Bellah and Hankins claim that because of their attempt to integrate politics and religion, and their vague references to God, these men unconsciously advocated civil religion (Hankins). The interesting thing about Hankins is that he does not limit civil religion to poli ticians, but rather includes pastors in his discussion as well. Hankins tells us that the definition of the integration of civil religion is when either politicians mention religion or when pastors mention political or national affairs (Hankins). The Pew Forum panel discussed the topic of â€Å"God Bless America: Reflections on Civil Religion after September 11. † There are seven participants in this discussion panel, who are: Peter Berkowitz, Derek Davis, Amber Khan, Richard John Neuhaus, Clarence Newsome, Manjit Singh, and Melissa Rogers. As the moderator of the panel, Melissa Rogers begins by giving us a brief overview of the term â€Å"civil religion. She says that most people identify the term â€Å"civil religion† with the work of Robert Bellah, who says that civil religion in America is an understanding of the American experience in light of ultimate or universal reality. The panel continues with the different participants’ views and thoughts on civil religion. Civil religion is described as a confused subject, with t he confusion starting at the very term itself and that, for the most part, it is all about meaning. The panel continues on to claim that civil religion becomes extremely broad and very generic in its expression. At the end of the discussion, the panel claimed that with civil religion â€Å"we are making a distinction between discovery of certain political values and systems as distinct from the moral justification (Pew Forum Panel). One may agree with this statement, while others may not. Those who don’t agree may argue that while there needs to be a separation between â€Å"church and state†, there also needs to be a connection. If we did not have a form of connection between the political and religious realm, we would not have the religious freedom that we enjoy today; because if the politicians did not elieve in God, they would not care if we had or did not have religious freedoms. In â€Å"Bellah’s Civil Religion,† Robert Stauffer begins by giving us a summary of Robert Bellah’s essay â€Å"Civil religion in America†. Then Stauffer proceeds to discuss some of the problems that he sees in Bellah’s work. Stauffer does not cover Bellahâ€⠄¢s historical rendition, but rather assumes that American historians will deal with it and leaves the task to them (392). He claims that Bellah’s work is styled in a Durkheimian perspective. Stauffer is also concerned with Bellah’s verdict of our current American condition. He says that Bellah moves too fast from the judgment of corporate hegemony, worry over the cult of success, and the disregard for those who are reduced to penury, to the presumption that America is portrayed by a widespread despair and sense of direction. Stauffer concludes by claiming that Bellah’s evolving opinions about civil religion serve as an inspiration to scholars of religion and society (393). Stauffer also states that while he is grateful to Bellah for his contribution in this area, he is worried that Bellah’s growing stature might prevent us from questioning and criticizing his assumptions, claims, and hopes 394). Literature Review: As civil religion has evolved over the years, there are different trends and themes in its patterns. We read Hankins’ claim that civil religion has employed five themes consistently through the years, and that he is worried that civil religion could potentially fail. He claims that this will happen if American civil religi on excludes too many people. Hankins says that civil religion needs to be an all inclusive faith. In Bellah’s first article on this topic, he predicts American civil religion may become a part of a new civil religion of the world. Then a couple of ears later, Bellah wrote another article entitled â€Å"American Civil Religion in the 1970s. † In this article, he suggests that American civil religion is a current reality and one that we will continue to deal with in the future. Then Bellah decides that there is some linkage between religion, morality, and politics that exist and are needed. At this point, Stauffer steps into the scene. He finds irony in the fact that much of the criticism of civil religion, implicitly of Bellah’s work, has centered on the success of maintaining commitment to the social order, the success of utilitarian ulture in the United States, and the divisiveness that comes from the imposing new, holistic systems of belief. Stauffer argues that in a society with revolutionary origins, this problem of civil meaning will be both primary and repetitive. The Pew Forum panel concludes their discussion by stating that civil religion is a confused subject – the confusion starting at the very term itself – and by claiming that it becomes extremely broad and generic in its expression. Hankins claims that civil religion can come in the form of priestly or pastoral religion, because oliticians have used it to soothe and comfort American people in times of distress. Bellah concludes both of his articles by mentioning what he calls the â€Å"third crisis†. The â€Å"third crisis† is the attainment of some kind of viable coherent world order that would ensue from the universalizing of civil religion. Looking towards the future of civil religion, we ask, â€Å"what does civil religion mean for Christians and how does it affect us? † Civil religion acknowledges that there is a God, but does not make any mention to Heaven. With civil religion, we realize that there is a God and that any different beliefs, symbols, and rituals go with each religion. But that is as far as it goes. There is no faith or spiritual things. Faith requires a belief in God and in Heaven. It requires us to put our trust fully in Christ and go beyond the term â€Å"religion† to a relationship with Him. The Bible says in Hebrews 11:6, â€Å"But without faith it is impossible to please him; for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him. † Faith is believing. Civil religion is not believing, but rather is admitting that there is a â€Å"higher power† ver us. While we need a form of civil religion to allow us to mingle with people of different religious beliefs, as Christians we need to be wary of civil religion. We need to be vigilant in our endeavors to not allow civil religion to become the â€Å"main stream† of religious beliefs. If it become the â€Å"main stream†, it will become the unified religion of the world and faith in Christ will be lost. Civil religion is unsustainable because it is trying to be pluralistic. This pluralism seeks to unify all religions (muslim, hindu, catholic, protestant, baptist, mormon, etc) into one, ut this is not possible without the different religions giving up their differences. In giving up these differences in the various religions, we would give up our faith in God, our belief in Heaven, and in everything that distinguishes us from other religions. This would be a negative affect on Christians, because we are to be the â€Å"light of the world† and the â€Å"salt of the earth† as God calls us to be. If we give these up for civil religion, we will no longer be what God has told us to be. Yes, we need to have some religious understandings amongst all religions, but we need to be cautious as Christians to not lose our faith in Christ. Future Directions: In the future, I believe that civil religion is going to begin posing major problems for Christians. As of now, not many Evangelicals have said anything on the topic of civil religion beyond identifying it, but soon they are going to need to. Beliefs and faith are beginning to be pushed out of the picture and the more universal civil religion is stepping in. We can see it happening throughout the country as more laws are being instituted that reduce our religious freedoms. Though the term â€Å"civil religion† is not usually used by lawmakers and the government, it is implied and is a danger to Christians. I believe that within a few years, civil religion is going to become the norm and we are going to lose our religious freedoms as a push to a universalized religion is made. I also believe that we are going see more articles on this topic, and that Evangelicals are going to become involved in trying to stop this â€Å"third crisis† in America. Works Cited Bellah, Robert. â€Å"Civil Religion in America. † D? dalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 96. 1 (1967): 1-21. Print. Berkowitz, Peter, et al. â€Å"God Bless America: Reflections on Civil Religion after September 11. † The Pew Forum . Washington, DC. 6 Feb. 2002. The Pew Forum on Religion Public Life. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . â€Å"Civil Religion. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , n. d. Web. 20 Feb. 2003. . Hankins, Barry. â€Å"Civil Religion and America’s Inclusive Faith. † Liberty Magazine Jan. 2004: n. pag. Liberty Magazine. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. . Rousseau, Jean Jacques. The Social Contract: And, the First and Second Discourses. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. Print. Stauffer, Robert E. â€Å"Bellah’s Civil Religion. † Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 14. 4 (1975): 390-395. JSTOR. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. How to cite What Is Civil Religion and How Does It Affect Christians, Papers

Analysis of Case of Cocoa Ltd

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Case of Cocoa Ltd. Answer: Introduction It is essential for the organizations to have strong corporate governance mechanism to achieve the objectives and goals. The corporate governance mechanism is the system that sets rules for guidance of the personnel in the conduct of their duties. The corporate governance system should ensure that the management of the company works in accordance with the terms of the code of conduct (Sison, 2010). The code of conduct for the employees is essential to command their conducts and ensure that they work for the overall interest of the company setting aside their personal interests. In context of this, the paper presented here focuses on the corporate governance and the ethical aspects of an organization. The discussion in this paper has been carried out by analyzing the case of Cocoa Ltd which involves the issues related to preparation and presentation of the financial statements. The accountants carry a great deal of responsibility in preparation and certification of the financial statements of an entity. It is expected from them to discharge their duties ethically and honestly (Duska, Duska, Ragatz, 2011). The paper presented here also deals with this aspect through analysis of the case of Cocoa Ltd. Further, the duties of management and the manner in which they should discharge their duties have also been highlighted in this paper. Overall, this paper presents a concise discussion on the ethical and governance aspect and the duties of professional accountants and the management in this regard. Theories and Principles of Ethics and Corporate Governance The emphasis on ethics and the corporate governance has been unprecedented in the past decade all over the world. The regulators around the globe have been more alter to ensure that the organizations conduct their business ethically. The reason for this increased importance of ethics and corporate governance is the corporate scandals. The major corporate scandals such as WorldCom, Tyco, and the Enron happened due to the weak corporate governance mechanism and the lack of ethics in the conduct of duties by the management and the accountants (Bolman Deal, 2013). The weak governance system in these companies let the management usurp their powers for personal interest. It is crucial to take note that failure of big corporations like WorldCom or Tyco did not only affect the shareholders and the management of the company, but its severe impact on the society and economy of the country was also perceived (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). Thus, it is essential to ensure that the organizations should have stringent governance mechanism and promote ethics in the work culture. The principles of corporate governance talk about strengthening the reporting system and making the board of directors accountable for effective leadership. The principles of ethics and governance require that the supreme authority of the companys management needs to be independent and free of biasness. In a corporation like Cocoa Ltd, the supreme authority of management vests in the board of directors (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). The board of directors owes duties to the shareholders as well as other stakeholders of the business, thus, they should act honestly and independently. Further, the functioning of the board should also be under supervision of the regulatory authorities of the government (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). Further, there must be a proper mechanism to have vigilance over the activities of the board of directors and other key managerial personnel. Through this mechanism, it is to be ensured that the management is not allowed to exercise powers for their personal interests. The corporate governance system should be equipped well to identify the situations where managements personal interest could conflict with the companys overall interest (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). It is argued that management decisions influenced by their personal interest damage the companys financial performance. Further, the revelations of the fact that the management used their powers for personal interest could also be serious for the reputation and goodwill of the company in the market (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). For example, management may manipulate the financial statements of the company to show good performance to earn high incentives. In this situation, the management may show fake profits in the income statements that can never be realized by the company. The accumulation of unrealizable profits results in overvaluation of the assets which could be dangerous for survival of the company in long run (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). Case of Cocoa Ltd In the case of Cocoa Ltd, there has been observed conflict between the personal interest of the management and the company. Further, the accountant is also a party that conflict of interests. In the current case, the company is performing outstandingly well presently and it is expected to continue for couple of years more such as 2016 and 2017. However, after these two years, it is expected that the economic conditions will reverse affecting the financial performance of all companies in the industry for 2018 and 2019. Now, the management does not want to report losses in the year 2018 and 2019 when the economic downfall will dominate. The management wants to report equal profits in all four years by diverting the profits of current years to 2018 and 2019. For this purpose, the management seeks advice from the accountant of the company. In response to the management query, the accountant advises for carrying out change in the method depreciation from straight line to sum of years digi t. Knowing that there is no justified reason for this sudden change in the method of depreciation, accountant carried out the changes. The accountant has contract for renewal with the company, which depends upon the managements satisfaction with his services. Thus, considering personal interest, the accountant agreed to carry changes in the method of depreciation. Analysis of the Case The issue under consideration in the current case of Cocoa Ltd is analysis of the change in the method of depreciation in the context of ethics and corporate governance. In this regard, it is crucial to first understand the legal requirements of financial reporting in relation to depreciation accounting. After that an analysis of the impact of such change on the company and all the stakeholders is important. The analysis of legal requirements and evaluation of the impact of change would form the basis to conclude that whether the standard of ethics and corporate governance violated or not in the current case. The legal requirements in relation to charge of depreciation are contained in AASB 116, Property, Plant, and Equipment (AASB 116, 2016). The accounting standard does not specify anything in regard to selection of method of accounting. Thus, the organizations are free to opt for any method to charge depreciation on property, plant, and equipment. However, the accounting standard puts a condition in this regard that the method chosen by the organization should reflect the consumption of future economic benefits adequately. Further, it has also been provided that the firms should apply same method in each of the following accounting periods that means there must be consistency in the charge of depreciation (AASB 116, 2016). There are various methods that are used to charge depreciation such as straight line method, diminishing value method, sum of years digit method, production unit method. All the methods of accounting has their own advantages and disadvantages, therefore, it is necessary to analyze as to which method suits best in the given circumstances (Godwin Alderman, 2012). The straight line method provides for equal amount of depreciation for each year. It is widely accepted method of depreciation, however, in certain circumstances it may not be the right choice. For instance, the assets which carry risk of technological changes may need to be depreciated rapidly in the earlier years. Since, the straight line method provides for equal depreciation charge for all years, thus, it may not be suitable method in this case (Godwin Alderman, 2012). Further, apart from straight line method, the diminishing value is also one of the most used methods for charging depreciation. In this method, the depreciation is computed on the written down value of the assets each year. This method is considered to be the best for the purpose of matching the revenues with cost (Godwin Alderman, 2012). Further, there is sum of years digit method which is also used by the firms in computing depreciation. This method computes higher depreciation in the earlier years as compared to the later years of use of asset. This implies that as the useful life of the asset is approached, the depreciation charge goes down. Thus, it could be observed that different methods compute different amount of depreciation which will affect the profit or loss for the year (Godwin Alderman, 2012). Thus, it clear that the selection of method of depreciation should be based on the analysis of the assets nature and the circumstances in which firm operates. Further, the selected method should be applied consistently from year to year so that the financial performance is correctly reflected (Delaney Whittington, 2009). However, consistency does not mean that the firms can not change the method. The change in the method of depreciation is permitted when it is for justified reasons. This implies that the changed method should match the revenues and costs more appropriately then the existing method. Further, there are reporting and disclosure requirements in regard to change in the method of depreciation which the firm must comply. The AASB 116 requires that the reason for change is adequately reported in the notes to accounts and the impact on the profit or loss of such change in separately reported in the income statement (AASB 116, 2016). In the current case of Cocoa Ltd, the accountant has violated the provisions of accounting standard in regard to change in the method of accounting. The accountant did not report the reasons for change in the method of depreciation which one of the most crucial requirements of the accounting standard (AASB 116, 2016). Further, the analysis of the case depicts that accountant gave preference to his personal interest rather than companys overall interest. Thus, the conducts of the accountant could be said to be clearly violating the standards of ethics. Further, the intention of management also appears to be to deceive the shareholders and the public. Thus, the conducts of the management are also violating the standards of ethics and the corporate governance (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2016). The impact of violation of standards of ethics could be severe on the company. Conclusion The discussion in this paper is focused on the ethical and corporate governance aspects. It could be articulated from the overall discussion carried out in this paper that compliance with the standards of ethics is crucial for the achievement of objectives for each and every organization. Further, the organizations should also have proper governance mechanism that prevents the management from usurping its powers. In the current case of Cocoa Ltd, the management exercised its power for to deceive the shareholders by manipulating the financial statements. The change in the method of depreciation in the current case is completely unethical and illegitimate. The motive to change the method of depreciation is to manipulate the profit in the books of accounts and deceive the shareholders. Recommendations Cocoa Ltd should have a proper corporate governance mechanism and code of conduct for the employees. The code of conduct will help the company to command over the conducts of the employees and ensure that they act in the best interest of the company. Further, it is advisable to Andrea (Accountant of the company) to go through the requirements of AASB 116 in regard to change in the method of accounting. The accountant should comply with the reporting and discloser requirements of AASB 116 (AASB 116, 2016). It is recommended for the accountant to specify the reason for change in the notes to accounts and mention that it is improper. Further, the accountant should, setting aside his personal interest, work in the best interest of the company (Kurtz Boone, 2008). References AASB 116. 2016. Property, Plant, and Equipment. Retrieved January 15, 2017, from https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB116_07-04_COMPjun14_07-14.pdf Bolman, L.G. Deal, T.E. 2013. Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership. John Wiley Sons. Delaney, P.R. Whittington, O.R. 2009. Wiley CPA Exam Review 2010, Financial Accounting and Reporting. John Wiley Sons. Duska, R., Duska, B.S., Ragatz, J.A. 2011. Accounting Ethics. John Wiley Sons. Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell. 2016. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases. Cengage Learning. Godwin, N. Alderman, C. 2012. Financial ACCT2. Cengage Learning. Kurtz, D.L. Boone, L.E. 2008. Contemporary Business. Cengage Learning. Sison, A.G. 2010. Corporate Governance and Ethics: An Aristotelian Perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Brick and Mortar vs. Online Education Essay Sample free essay sample

If it were 1998. a student’s options for geting a Bachelor’s grade from a regionally accredited college or university typically would be limited to attendance at a traditional brick and howitzer establishment. This allowed for direct face-to-face interaction with similar like-minded pupils and module. The idea of an option which allowed pupils to non sit in category was and continues to be controversial. â€Å"Online instruction has become a hot subject late. with more and more establishments desiring to spread out offerings. And that makes surveies of the quality of on-line instruction of import — and controversial. † ( Wojciechowska ) The arguments weigh in on both pros and cons to online acquisition. One of the many subtopics of this argument is the deficiency of societal accomplishment development and interactions found in on-line acquisition environments. I feel that due to the limited chances for face-to-face interactions between an teacher and their pupils. distance instruction has brought many new challenges to the instruction and acquisition procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Brick and Mortar vs. Online Education Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Wang and Newlin ( 137-143 ) point out that small is known about the features of pupils in distance instruction classs. As a consequence. effectual course of study design is hindered by the deficiency of apprehension of the features. attitudes. and demands of the pupils in these classs ( Wang and Newlin. 140 ) . The deficiency of apprehension of the demands of online acquisition will necessarily impact knowledge. but other countries. such as societal accomplishment development. I do believe that due to economic issues non issues of physical propinquity. this is besides a challenge for traditional brick and howitzer universities as their grosss lessening and pupil Numberss in specific schoolrooms addition. â€Å"When registration Numberss swell in classs. pupils experience less direct single contact with module. and many module members perceive that the quality of instruction diminutions as they have less interaction with pupils and a limited ability to prosecute with single acquisition demands. † ( Martin. Perkowski. A ; Taft. 181 ) . It is rather safe to province that the ability to interact with module is of import to the academic advancement of pupils matriculating at establishments of higher instruction. We can non bury that there is a batch more to derive from a college experience than academic enrichment. One will besides develop several â€Å"soft skills† every bit good. These pupil development accomplishments are the preparation foundation for subsequent professional development upon attainment of their chosen calling. Harmonizing to Dictionary. Com. an on-line grade is â€Å"a college grade earned chiefly or wholly by taking on-line classs. † This definition is limited as to the current province of offerings to include academic grades. certifications and in some provinces a high school sheepskin that can be earned chiefly or wholly via an Internet-connected computing machine. alternatively of physically go toing college categories on a traditional campus scene. Online instruction affords persons that may hold physical or geographical restrictions. be in full clip work capacities or military service with the chance to obtain an commissioned instruction. Harmonizing to Dictionary. Com. societal accomplishments are â€Å"the personal accomplishments needed for successful societal communicating and interaction. † We must observe that the importance of these accomplishments is that they impact an single across their lifetime. The predominating societal accomplishments of one’s immediate environment or community will emulate the greater society’s societal regulations. It is through repeated experience and exposure that these accomplishments are created. The judgements of an individual’s behaviours are straight related to the accepted societal regulations of their organisations and communities. There is important perennial exposure to both accepted and unacceptable societal regulations on college campus. Several methods can be used to learn. theoretical account and train these regulations in both verbal and gestural agencies. This one facet of educating in an on-line environment proves to be one of challenge for on-line educational platforms to guarantee the well-roundedness of their students’ development. â€Å"Research findings on instruction strongly back up the effectivity of the on-line medium for cognitive acquisition. In comparing. surveies on the acquisition of â€Å"so ft skills† ( e. g. . developing accomplishments in communicating. leading. empathy. interpersonal relationships. or socialisation into a profession ) are few and suggest assorted efficaciousness through on-line media. ( Martin. Perkowski. A ; Taft. 181 ) . Online larning communities are non for everyone and since they lack a constituent crucial to the development of interpersonal and intrapersonal accomplishments: socialisation. The development of these accomplishments is of import and is expected to reassign to the student’s life after finishing their postsecondary educational chases. Depending on one’s calling way. the deficiency of societal accomplishments can be prohibitory to publicities and obtaining employment in more societal sections of one’s company. â€Å"Professional behavior. or behaviours that are desirable and necessary for pattern. are a major concern for pedagogues and practicians. The ability to stand out in academic classs may non needfully interpret into an ability to show ethical and effectual behaviours in the field. † ( Judson. Simmons A ; Tweed. 76 ) It is assumed that if you didn’t understand the professional outlooks of one’s calling pick. so you would’ve learned it while in college. This is typically why many countries of survey such as instruction. behavioural scientific disciplines and concern require an internship or practicum of kinds. In a traditional scene. the internship may be located in close geographic propinquity to the school. so that a module member can interact with the pupil at the topographic point of the internship and receive feedback from the supervision forces. This is non an option when 1 is enrolled in an on-line scene as the possibility for a decreased quality experience may be increased. Frequent. consistent and synergistic feedback between module and oversing staff of the houseman can be cardinal to the successful socialisation of the pupil into their profession. There is a batch of focal point on the results of the higher instruction procedure: graduation. nevertheless. pupils must besides get the accomplishments necessary to turn to the varied societal issues of their several calling Fieldss. Think of the individual that has trained academically via an on-line platform for a calling in gross revenues but has minimal societal accomplishments. It may go rather clear finally that he or she may n ecessitate to seek alternate employment as their deficiency of these accomplishments would significantly impact their ability to develop the necessary relationships that close gross revenues. A nonproductive sales representative will non last long at his company regardless of his class point norm when he was matriculating. Traditional colleges offer their grades via direct in individual schoolroom engagement and on occasion custodies on experience. By taking categories in a traditional scene. a pupil has the ability to talk with professors in individual and straight seek aid if need be. The traditional scene besides allows pupils to hold interaction with fellow schoolmates and take part in survey groups. This puting provides entree to a college library that is typically in one of the edifices on the campus and may non be every bit extended as that of an on-line offering. The advocates of on-line instruction besides feel that the ability to develop the critical acquisition and soft accomplishments is every bit possible in an online acquisition environment. â€Å"The dealingss. the civilization. the stereotypes and the webs developed in the internet and the importance give n to them are echt and reliable. even if they do non take topographic point in face-to-face. existent universe interactions. † ( Giavrimis. Papani A ; Papanis. 54 ) Collaborative acquisition is necessary in constructing one’s ain cognitive procedure. Among group members. if they can non portion their cognition efficaciously. it can take to hapless larning results ( Soller. 2004 ) . In comparing to a traditional category. the distance instruction class did non give the pupils the chances to discourse many issues in the schoolroom every hebdomad. Therefore. the pupils needed to do certain that they finished their work every hebdomad to the best of their independent ability and non fall behind agenda. Since the pupils normally had other things to make. such as work and household. it was easy to stall and make everything at the last minute. This cunctation can take to feelings of overwhelm. isolation and lead to defeat. One of the cardinal constituents of a traditional university is the authorization to go to categories when they are scheduled and there is minimum tolerance for important absences. This provides a built in answerability factor which may be needed for pupils that are now 100 % responsible for their behaviours for the f irst clip in their lives. Besides the chumminess experienced in the traditional schoolroom may non be as apparent in the online acquisition environment. There’s nil more hardening than the corporate moan of 50-100 pupils as the professor changes the deadline for concluding documents. I’m sure the reaction is the same in the online acquisition environment. but you may be inclined to ab initio believe that you are the lone one feeling that manner. The sound made in the traditional schoolroom clearly lets you know that you are non entirely is your daze of the state of affairs. Although differences exist in the schoolroom. the reaction congeals the bonds between the pupils against the teacher. Colleges across the Earth are vehemently advancing the offering of online classs. Most late. several major universities in the United States have developed a web to offer free online classs. These classs are non for recognition. but can acclimatize a scholar to both the university and the universe of on-line direction. Many colleges that have promoted online classs are making so in order to cut down the impact of the economically fuel ed enrollment diminution. When one sees such traditional establishments such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology offering on-line classs. one can deduce that these classs are comparable in quality. resource handiness and outlooks as those provided on a traditional campus. The establishments are stating scholars. â€Å"we want you and we are seeking to be flexible. † It must once more be noted that alterations in available platforms and support have transformed the manner online acquisition is being implemented. Local university. George Washington University strives to offer pupils the same academic experiences. resources and entree to faculty as traditional pupils on campus. This is important in that one of the old drawbacks to online acquisition was the inability to hold entree and socialisation to the staff. pupils and resources that were available to pupils that were matriculating on campus. It would be assumed that pupils that are on campus can entree other pupils for collaborative acquisition and socialisation. module and feedback from a professor easier. Students presence on campus may let for dropping by the professor’s office or seeing them walking across campus or tippytoing into the library to seek out schoolmates that may be r eexamining for the approaching test. This can put up a state of affairs where a pupil may be afforded the chance to hold immediate feedback or aid if needed. Several soft accomplishments can be developed in this scenario such as coaction within a group to build acquisition and the ability to seek solutions that may be out of the kingdom of what the pupil can make separately. Students matriculating via distance instructions plans are encouraged to hold pupil collaborative attempts. communicate with module members and go involved with the schools resources. but this may be prohibited by the initial demands that caused them to go on-line scholars. Their ability to have and profit from academic and societal interactions. such as survey groups. athletic nines and societal groups may be reduced because of their physical remotion of where the activities are happening on campus. Distance scholars would be required to seek out and set up societal lives of their ain creative activity. agenda entree to campus-based resources and use services that can be accommodated within their agendas and handiness restraints. Connecting with the needful resources may be more hard when 1 is physically non on campus. The entree is possible. but easier when 1 has an full staff or section at one’s disposal to help in making needful resources. Chiefly an on-line plan will offer flexibleness. convenience and educational handiness which are needed constituents for a specific market of pupil. There is a type of pupil that may happen on-line larning more appealing than attending at a traditional brick and howitzer establishment. Traditional college pupils are on mean 18-21 old ages old with a new sense of freedom as for many this is the first clip they are populating independently of their household of beginning. Historically on-line classs were being taken by older grownups that were working fulltime with households. The kineticss of online scholars are altering and a new younger group of pupils are inscribing to take these academic offerings. â€Å"Educators. research workers. and policymakers continue to reason for updated acquisition and schooling theoretical accounts and the increased usage of new and emerging electronic acquisition engineerings ( e-learning ) that can break prepare pupils for an progressively planetary. altering. and complex universe. Lags between real-world and educational utilizations of engineering and deficiency of entree to new engineerings continue to blight pedagogues. † ( McCombs. 1582 ) Historically online acquisition has removed geographical barriers to accessing instruction to increasing planetary handiness of choice instruction. Recent research now focuses on the geographical demographic to one that scholars are close in propinquity to the university that is offering the class. Socialization needs and accessing resources may be a factor in this new paradigm displacement. â€Å"Through its multiplicity the Internet constitutes likely the best manner for accessing amusement. acquisition and information. every bit good as for set uping socialisation procedures and communicating among people. † ( Giavrimis. Papani A ; Papanis. 54 ) The Internet besides offers namelessness of true ego and those that are besides take parting in the schoolroom. This namelessness takes off the ability to â€Å"l ook them in the eye† to see a response of truth or concern. One of the critical communicating accomplishments that can non be developed via online is the ability to construe non-verbal communicating. Not merely can they develop a separate online individuality. so can the module member and other pupils. There is no manner to estimate the gestural communicating that one would hold been able to construe had the interaction been handled face-to-face. â€Å"Despite the complexness of the multimedia environment of a game. an cyberspace community. a group treatment or confab and despite the complexness of the artworks. what is being drastically changed is the non-verbal communicating. the linguistic communication of the organic structure. † ( Giavrimis. Papani A ; Papanis. 55 ) In an online acquisition environment. the communicating accent is chiefly given on written duologue and one’s cognitive ability to encode and decrypt the message. A person’s ability to decently read the gestural cues being sent. are indispensable to effectual communicating. We may frequently larn more from an individual’s organic structure linguistic communication than from their spoken or written reply. This constituent is absent in larning via the on-line platform. Prior to come ining one’s first employment. the niceties of corporate civilization and the importance of gestural communicating must non be underemphasized. Nonverbal communicating has an of import function to play in existent life. As stated before. online acquisition and traditional environments are non for everyone. The differences for inscribing in a college do vary with age and necessity. Older grownups frequently enroll to gain grades for calling promotion or extra accomplishments or personal development. The key here is extra and promotion. This age group is assumed to be heightening accomplishments that they already possess. non merely larning. The younger pupils frequently enroll due to parental and community outlooks and to hold the â€Å"college experience. † It is more likely that the new on-line pupil paradigm will seek out the interaction of the on campus resources therefore making their ain â€Å"blended† plan. Most traditional universities that of fer on-line classs have yet to give staff and/or sections to suit these socialisation demands. These older grownups are non traveling for the societal experience ; they are traveling to concentrate on finishing an educational or skill end. Stated otherwise. â€Å"Distance instruction can be seen to be germinating from an basically modernist ( bureaucratic or Fordist ) signifier of instruction into a post-modernist phenomenon with a focal point on the pupil as consumer. on flexibleness and planetary reach† ( Rumble. 2001. p. 31 ) . With this passage. there is besides a displacement toward increased handiness for those who are disabled. â€Å"Many feel that eLearning holds great promise†¦for scholars with physical and mental challenges† ( Frydenberg. 2002. p. 7 ) . A college campus is filled with societal activities that are exciting to a pupil that has non experienced the independency before. If the pupil lives on campus. ma and dada will non be available to state the pupil when to go to category. survey or party. Some pupils forget why they are at the university as they become so entangled in the societal life of the college campus. They have non learned the balance of the two. This will be an of imp ort accomplishment to larn as they move towards a calling and fiscal independency and duty. It is one that can be learned at a traditional university scene. non online where it is expected that you can already manage independency and have prioritization accomplishments. Older grownups may hold households and or full clip occupations and an already established societal life so there is no demand to make one on a campus puting. Their ability and desire to interact with their schoolmates may be limited or nonexistent as they would be adding an extra societal outlook to their already feverish lives. For an older grownup scholar. they may go dismayed at the idea of holding group work in an on-line class. where the younger scholar can profit from the chance to tackle the wisdom and experience of interaction with a seasoned professional. This can be both positive and negative. Online. the younger pupil may experience isolated in that they do non hold the experience of their schoolmates. may necessitate more frequent aid to understand the stuff and feel secluded because of the diff erences of age. experience and demands. Once stray. the success of this pupil can be at hazard. Most working grownup pupils have the adulthood and ability to be responsible towards their surveies when found in the online environments. Many have learned this from old ages of independency. The pupil that is fresh from high school and their parents’ place. have non needfully developed the societal accomplishments needed to pass on demands. wants and desires. If the pupil does non develop these accomplishments. so their ability to be a â€Å"team player† in the work environment can be impacted or at worst impeded. Travel on any college campus. particularly big traditional universities. on a Friday dark or even the dark of the game of their biggest competition. and you will see socialisation in action. Regardless of major. categorization or credits earned. the chumminess that is displayed exceeds boundaries of race. credo or fundss. This one accomplishment entirely. puting aside one’s differences is traveling to be highly of import as they move frontward in today’s planetary work force. They may necessitate to be able to set aside differences in order to work with a co-worker that is half-way across the Earth on a undertaking that they must fin ish. A traditional university is where pupils can larn such accomplishments. Students at traditional universities portion laughs. letdowns and frequently sentiments of the module and the schoolmates. Each pupil in the college has the end in head of being awarded that degree so they can state that separately and collaboratively they made it. Many nightlong survey Sessionss have taken topographic point during concluding semester senior twelvemonth so that the last measure of class completion is successfully achieved. Since you don’t want any your group to non do it. you are more likely to offer support and encouragement that may non be available to those go toing the same category in an on-line version. The esteem and blessing of one’s equals can be merely what a pupil needs to maintain traveling until they get it. This besides may non be accessible with on-line acquisition. Though the grounds for go toing college may change. the way can be merely as varied. Online larning makes it convenient. low-cost and flexible for a assortment of scholars. There are cardinal constituents of socialisation accomplishments that are learned in a traditional scene and may be absent from the on-line offerings. One must measure their educational and societal demands when sing the best way of matriculation. College continues to be a postsecondary preparation environment which should give information and accomplishments that are able to be utilized in one’s calling and personal life. There is no 1 set means though of geting these accomplishments. The popularity of online acquisition is increasing at a really rapid gait and will go on to make such because the decreased barriers for accessing these frequently strict plan. but there is no replacement for the human contact found in traditional acquisition environments. Plants Cited Ariza. E. L. . A ; M. R. ( 2000 ) . Uniting instructors to encompass twenty-first Century engineering: A critical mass in a cohort of co-workers. T. H. E. Journal. 27 ( 10 ) . 23-30. Bertram. B. ( 1999 ) . Education online: Learning anyplace. any clip. Journal of Adolescent A ; Adult Literacy. 42 ( 8 ) . 662-665. Buboltz. W. . Wilkinson. L. . Thomas. A. . A ; Jenkins. S. ( 2001. April ) . Learner Styles and Potential Relations to Distance Education. Paper presented at the 12th International SITE Conference ( AACE ) . Orlando. FL. Cann. A. J. ( 1999 ) . Approaches to the rating of online acquisition stuffs. Inventions in Education and Training International. 36. 44-52. Clarke. A. ( 2002 ) . Online acquisition and societal exclusion. Leicester. United kingdom: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. Digilio. A. H. ( 1998 ) . Web-based direction adjusts to the single demands of grownup scholars. Journal of Instruction Delivery Systems. 12 ( 4 ) . 26-28. Frydenberg. J. ( October 2002 ) . Quality criterions in eLearning: A matrix of analysis. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. Athabasca University. Giavrimis. Panagiotos. Eirini-Myrsini Papani. and Efstratios Papanis. â€Å"The Contribution of the Internet into Learning. † Review of European Studies June 2010 2. 1 ( 2010 ) : 54-60. Web. 5 Aug. 2012. Judson. Kim. Brian Simmons. and Martha Tweed. â€Å"The Passage from Student toProfessional: A Model for Outcome Driven Field Placements. † Journal of Human Services Fall 2010 30. 1 ( 2010 ) : 76-80. Web. 5 Aug. 2012. Martin. Lorene S. . Tracy Perkowski. and Susan H. Taft. â€Å"A Framework for Evaluating Class Size in Online Education. † Quarterly Review of Distance Education Fall 2011 12. 3 ( 2011 ) : 181. Academic One File. Web. 5 Aug. 2012. Mccombs. B. L. . A ; Vakili. D. ( 2005 ) . A learner-centered model for e-learning. Teachers College Record. 107 ( 8 ) . 1582-1600. O’Fathaigh. M. ( 2002 ) . E-learning and entree: Some issues and deductions. UACE Conference. University of Bath. 2002. Web. Retrieved July 15. 2012. from lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ucc. ed/ucc/depts/ace/e-learning. pdf gt ; â€Å"online grade. † Dictionary. com’s twenty-first Century Lexicon. Dictionary. com. LLC. 05 Aug. 2012. Dictionary. com hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary. mention. com/browse/online grade. Rumble. G. ( 2001 ) Re-inventing distance instruction. 1971-2001. International Journal of Lifelong Education. 20 ( 1/2 ) : 31-43 â€Å"social accomplishments. † Dictionary. com’s twenty-first Century Lexicon. Dictionary. com. LLC. 05 Aug. 2012. Dictionary. com hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary. mention. com/browse/social accomplishments. Sherry. L. ( 1996 ) . Issues in distance acquisition. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications. 1 ( 4 ) . 337-365. Web. Retrieved July 15. 2012. Soller. A. ( 2004 ) . Understanding knowledge-sharing dislocations: a meeting of the quantitative and qualitative heads. Journal of computing machine assisted acquisition. 20. 212-223. Wang. A. A ; Newlin. M. ( 2000 ) . Features of pupils who enroll and win in psychological science web-based categories. Journal of educational psychological science.92. 1. 137-143. Wojciechowska. Iza. â€Å"Continuing Argument Over Online Education. † Inside Higher Ed. Inside Higher Ed. July 16. 2010. Web. 5 Aug 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. insidehighered. com/news/2010/07/16/online.

Second Chances for High School Dropouts

Second Chances for High School Dropouts Just because your child dropped out of high school doesnt mean his life is over. In fact, 75 percent of high school dropouts eventually finish. Finding the time and motivation to get a GED program completed can be complicated by real-life responsibilities and issues. Dont let those obstacles stop your young adult from completing his high school education. Here are  ways your high school dropout can earn his diploma or a GED.   What Is a GED? Anyone 16 or older who hasnt earned a high school diploma may take the GED tests. There are 5 subject area tests to take to pass the GED: Language Arts/Writing, Language Arts/Reading, Social Studies, Science, and Mathematics. The GED tests are available in Spanish, French, large print, audiocassette and Braille, in addition to English. Fortunately, many government institutions and universities consider the GED just as they would a high school diploma in regards to admissions and qualifications.   Community College: Most community colleges offer programs to help students complete their high school diplomas and/or earn a GED. Some of these classes are offered on community college campuses, while others are held at night on high school grounds. Call your local community college for details. Many community colleges now offer online programs as well.Adult Education Programs: Most adult ed programs offer courses to help students prepare for the GED. Adult ed schools are typically run by high school districts, community colleges or a collaboration between the two, with funding provided by the state. Call your local adult education school for information.Gateway to College: Founded in 2000 by Oregons Portland Community College, this program bridges the gap for students ages 16-21 who have dropped out of high school but want to finish their coursework and go to college. Gateways program, which combines high school and college coursework, is available on 27 community college campuses i n 16 states, and the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation is using it as a model for part of the foundations Early College High School efforts. For details, visit the Gateway to College website. YouthBuild: This 20-year-old program for high school dropouts ages 16-24 from low-income families, combines community service, vocational training, and leadership skills with a GED program. Students, many of whom have been in the foster care or juvenile justice systems, divide their days between high school and GED prep classes and projects building or renovating homes for low-income families. Kids participate in a 30-hour per week program that also offers job training, helping them to find work that will facilitate the start of their careers while building their communities as well. The program began in 1990 in New York City and has grown to include 273 YouthBuild programs in 45 states. This, too, is supported by the Gates Foundation. For more information, visit the YouthBuild site.National Guard Youth ChalleGNe Academy: For 16- to 18-year-olds, Sunburst Youth Academy gives kids a chance to turn their lives around. The program is run by the National Guard, and there are 35 Youth Cha lleNGe Academies around the U.S., an outgrowth of the  Congressional mandate in 1993 to deal with the countrys high school dropout crisis. Therapeutic Boarding Schools: Programs at these schools help troubled teens identify the underlying cause of their issues. Various approaches combine academics and psychotherapy so teens can better understand and control their actions and behaviors. With insight and oversight from professionals, teens can begin to modify their behavior, stop acting out, and get back on a path to pursue their high school diploma. While some therapeutic schools can be unaffordable to many,  local school districts and some insurance plans can help offset the costs.Online Programs: For those students who have challenges with either time or location - for example, a parent who works full time or an ill homebound young adult - online GED programs are a great option. Most programs will allow students to access classwork, tests and more on their own schedule, giving them the flexibility to keep working or managing their health problems. Online GED programs, for the most part, should not be confused with homeschooling - they are specifically designed for online learning.

Directors liabilities and duties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Directors liabilities and duties - Essay Example The liability of the directors for statements in reports has also been covered in the new regime. The objective of this study is to bring out the salient aspects of liabilities and duties of the directors as set out in the current regime of Company Law legislation. The objective of this chapter is to present an overview of the topic chosen for study as well as the aims and objectives of the research. The chapter also details the structure of the paper to have a comprehensive understanding of the text of the report. However it is not possible to limit the functions of the company only to the above as there are number of other areas to which the scope and application of the company law legislation can extend. Moreover these functions as well as any other functions have associated costs and benefits. Hence it can be stated that the role of the company law is to maximize the benefits while minimizing the costs of implementation of the various provisions. It is also necessary that these key policy choices are examined within the context of the relationships that might be formulated between the various parties with which the company law legislation deals with. Illustrations of these

Global Implications for Your Profession Fashion Industry Assignment

Global Implications for Your Profession Fashion Industry - Assignment Example The paper "Global Implications for Your Profession Fashion Industry" analyzes Implications of the Corporate Power Global Trends to the Fashion Industry. Consequently, global culture, world economy, and individual lifestyles continually take on new shapes aws the world opens up to trade. The fashion industry is among the many areas that have experienced these dramatic changes as corporate companies compete to produce and market new fashions and clothing to meet the demands of global customers. Corporate power has greatly influenced the fashion industry in terms of variety within locations, uniformity across borders, environmental, and labor concerns.As corporate organizations advertize their fashion goods in magazines, films, and other media channels, a global style evolves now and then across different cultures and borders (Rabine para 2). For example, athletic shoes, T-shirts, blue jeans, and baseball caps find their way to the remotest villages in Africa. African, Asian, and Wester n fashion copy each other in designing their clothing. Almost every large shopping mall around the world is now housing all the styles. Every consumer can be sure to get his or her taste regardless of gender, age, ethnicity, subculture, and profession. Rabine says that customers in dominating Western countries have come to perceive globalization as an abundance of fashions that giant retailers sell. The retailers upgrade inventory and conduct transnational trades at the click of a button or a key.

Long Distance Trade for the Roman and Han Empires Essay

Long Distance Trade for the Roman and Han Empires - Essay Example The much famous Silk Road route was properly established during the Han Dynasty (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014, p. 133). The continually soaring demand for silk from the Roman Empire did intensify the commercial traffic in Central Asia. The Roma traders sailed as far as the Western ports of India to purchase the Chinese silk (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014, p. 118). When the Han Empire conquered the territories in Southwest China, this did give impetus to the long distance trade extending as far as Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014, 135). There existed much demand for the silk and gold produced by the Han Empire. Going by the commercial importance and power of the Han Empire, the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius did send a trade mission to China to bolster the trade relations between the two Empires (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2014). The Han merchants also carried silk as far as to India and traded it for the Indian spices, gems, gold, silver, cotton, perfumes, incense, pe arls, and any array of other commodities. Long distance trade did play a major role in strengthening the Han Empire and enhancing its prosperity and affluence. The Roman Empire happened to be a big source of goods that were manufactured and mined along the Mediterranean Basin. To carry on the trade with Central Asia and Europe, the Romans built and extensive network of roads which gave an impetus to the long distance trade in the Roman Empire (McNeill & McNeill, 2003, p. 114). The Romans were also good at drafting detailed maps which happened t o be quiet accurate. The ingenuity of Roman business acumen could be noticed by the fact that the Romans did make efforts to connect the road networks with the important sea routes in their domain to assure smooth and hassle free trade (McNeill & McNeill, 2003). The Silk Road happened to be an important bridge that connected the Han and the Roman Empire.

Communication Between People In Health And Social Care

Communication Between People In Health And Social Care You are attending your local G.P surgery for examinations as you have been unwell lately. The receptionist asks you loudly the reason for attending; other patients can hear you being asked. You explain to reception staff that you are slightly deaf. She asked you to use the computer screen in the waiting area to indicate that you have arrived. You explain to her that your English is limited and that you have no previous experience in using computers. You felt that the receptionist did not listen to you and that she was not sensitive to your concerns. Explore communication between people in health and social care by: Applying relevant theories of communication to health and social care contexts. Review the application of a range of communication techniques for different purposes used in health and social care work. Discuss the ways in which communication influences how individuals feel about themselves. Describe ways of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals. Analyze the use of techniques and strategies for supporting communication between people with specific communication needs. Evaluate workplace strategies, policies and procedures for good practice in communication. People communicate to have good abundance and it is a method to pass one information to another individual. Communication between people in health and social care plays a big role in caring the service provider or the patient. To employ compatible basis of communication to health and social care in the said scenario, we must first look into the individuals that are involved in the scenario. The patient, is slightly deaf, knowledge deficit in using IT machines in the hospital such as computer, and inarticulate in speaking English. On the other hand, the receptionist is arrogant, assuming, domineering, presumptuous and disrespectful. We have four theories of communication and they are all into a cycle. First is Humanistic theory tells us about individualism. Every individual has its own unique personalities and attributes. In a health care setting, as a healthcare provider, we take our patients or service provider as an individual and we should respect them. The patient and the receptionist are the main individuals in the scenario. They have their own personality that is unique to the other one. Behaviorist theory informs us attitudes are achieved by way of conditioning through interaction with other individ uals. In other words, when an individual interacts with another individual, one personality or behavior is presented or acquainted to another personality. The scene when the receptionist interacted with the patient portrays how behaviorist theory works in the communication. Cognitive theory is established on the ideas or principles of another individual and learns from them, thus the human thought processes understanding ones personality. The humanistic theory explain to us that an individuals personality is different to another personality of another individual and behaviorist theory is about interaction of individuals, the cognitive theory on the other hand, it expound us how individual start not only to interact but understand and accept another personality of an individual. The receptionist just ignored the patient when the she explained her side in the scenario. Ignoring another individual such as the patient in the scenario is also included in cognitive theory, though the rece ptionist did understand the side of the patient, the receptionist decided to ignore the patients side. Cognitive theory does not only understand ones side of individual, but its also about accepting ones personality or behavior to your thought. In short, the act of accepting and understanding ones personality of an individual in an interaction is cognitive theory. Lastly is the psychoanalytical theory. It explains us the role of unconscious mind. A personality that an individual portrays in an interaction is not what you thought the real personality of that individual. Sometimes, we judge them on what we see or hear on the outer appearance. We can only see its appearance and process it to our thoughts in an interaction, but we do not know its real personality inside of it. In the scenario, the receptionist judged the patients personality when she asked the patient loudly the reason for attending and when she instructed the patient to use the computer screen to indicate that she arri ved already. Communication has ranges of techniques to communicate in health and social care work. In the scenario there are scenes that explain us how techniques of communication are used. When the receptionist asked the patient loudly, the technique of communication used in this scene is verbal communication which is asking question and non-verbal which is the pitch, speed, accent, and tone of the receptionist while asking the patient. Another scene is when the patient explains that she would like to discuss the reasons to the doctor and that you she is slightly deaf. The technique used here is verbal communication which is reflecting back to the question. The receptionist then told the patient to use the computer screen to indicate there that she arrived already, its verbal technique which is giving instructions. Lastly is when the patient felt that the receptionist did not listen to her, its body language technique that is portrayed by the receptionist. Initiating communication to another individual is a stage where two individuals try to open a bridge of relationship. In addition, you dont just open bridges to them but you are trying to influence them too. There are two communication influences; interpersonal communication is unmediated communication that opens mutual influence to each other. Usually this type of influence manages to open relationships and mutual understanding. In the scenario, only the patient initiate this kind of communication influence, when the patient is humbly explaining herself to the receptionist, the receptionist impersonally approach the patient by just giving instruction and ignored her after. Impersonal communication is an influence conversely to interpersonal, the individual only interacts to another individual superficially. In the scenario, the patient is trying to open an interpersonal communication to the receptionist, while the receptionist is impersonal communication. In social penetration model by Altman and Taylor, they said the more time we spend with others, the more likely we are to self-disclose more intimate thought and details of our life. As relationships develop, communication moves from relatively shallow, no intimate levels to deeper, more personal ones. When the receptionists approach the patient aggressively, the patient expresses her inabilities to the receptionist. Its intimate thoughts and details of her life are revealed like inadequate knowledge in using computers and influent in speaking English. On the other hand, Johari window explains us also the process of human interaction. It divides our personal awareness. The process of giving and receiving feedback is one of the most important concepts in training. Through the feedback process, we see ourselves as others see us. Through feedback, other people also learn how we see them. Feedbacks give information to a person or group either by verbal or nonverbal communication. The information you give tells ot hers how their behavior affects you, how you feel, and what you perceive (feedback and self-disclosure). Feedback is also a reaction by others, usually in terms of their feelings and perceptions, telling you how your behavior affects them (receiving feedback). It has four sides namely, free, blind, hidden and the unknown. In free area includes, the patients information known to herself and to others such as the receptionist. Blind area means, informations known only to other individuals excluding the patient. The hidden area is about information known only to the patient. And lastly, the unknown area which is the information is not known to any individuals even the patient. In dealing inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals, we must look back at the receptionists behaviors towards the patient. In order to avoid such communication, the receptionist must stay focused. In the scenario, the receptionist did not focus her attention to the deaf patient that in fact the deaf patient must have special attention with the receptionist. Another one is listening carefully; the receptionist did not listen to the patients inabilities and instead she ignored the patient. Some individual need specific communication like deaf service user. These various types of communication supports and help communication efficiently between service users and service provider. SOLER technique helps to improve reception of message. Its said that when youre interacting with the service users you have to be directly and firmly to the patient. If the receptionist is directly and firmly to the patients concerns, she can provide the patients needs appropriately. Open position, lean, eye contact and relax are the other techniques in SOLER. There are also tips to communicate successfully to service users such as our patient in the scenario, since the patient sis slightly deaf, the receptionist should not shout and should speak slowly towards the patient. But in the scenario, the receptionist failed to apply this tip. In workplace, there are policies and strategies that are implemented for good communication, such as keeping confidentiality of the patient, disciplinary proced ures, equal opportunities, flexible working and policy on performance management. In my opinion, in the scenario, it seems they lacked this strategies and policies. A good practice is achieved with good policies and strategies. Care and support providers have a legal responsibility to fulfill their duty of care. Within direct support services there are regulatory bodies that can  act on any shortfalls identified in the services people receive. If they implement such tips, they will progress and service is efficiently provided to the service users. 1380 words Question 2 Scenario: You are attending your local G.P surgery for examinations as you have been unwell lately. The receptionist asks you loudly the reason for attending; other patients can hear you being asked. You explain to reception staff that you are slightly deaf. She asked you to use the computer screen in the waiting area to indicate that you have arrived. You explain to her that your English is limited and that you have no previous experience in using computers. You felt that the receptionist did not listen to you and that she was not sensitive to your concerns. Describe physical, cultural and legal influences on communication in health and social care by: Analyse how methods of communication are influenced by individual values culture and ability. Describe legislation and charters governing the rights of individuals to communicate Discuss the implications in health and social care contexts of legislation and codes of practice relating to records and communication of information about people. Analyse the effectiveness of organizational systems policies in relation to good practice in communication. Suggest and justify ways of improving communication systems in a health or care setting. Values are the principles, standards, or quality which guides human actions in daily life. Values and cultures play a big role in health and social care. Without values, individuals will pursue behaviors of their own. Values are rules by which we make decisions about right or wrong. In health and social care there are policies that are being implemented to achieve three main points; equality and diversity; confidentiality; right and responsibilities; and professional ethics. When individuals start to interact, the body language, facial expressions, and choice of words influence the whole context of the message. All these verbal and non-verbal cues are brought by the individuals personality like social class, beliefs, values, education, and culture. In the scenario where the patient visits a General practitioner surgery and a female receptionist asks her loudly the reason of attending, it could be a sign of her personality. Maybe she grew up in a family that are always arguing and she brought it up. Also, clearly the patients ethnicity, culture, and education play a role in the scenario where she said she is not fluent in speaking in English. The patient as an individual from a different background, the way she communicate to the receptionist is greatly affected. In addition to that, in a scenario where the patient said she has no previous experience in using a computer and it is hard for the patient to make use of the information communication technology which is the use of computer screen to indicate her arrival. In this situation, every healthcare setting has set values, morals, and ethics that will guide the behavior of the employees. This enables the employees to practice according to what has been agreed upon by the management and the organization that supports to avoid them to stand to their personal stand in handling patients that will cause misunderstandings. The legislation and charters governing the rights of individuals to communicate, is for those people who have difficulty communicating and receiving and understanding verbal and written communication. Its principles are in promoting anti-discriminatory practices, independence and safety, protecting people from abuse, individualized holistic care, and keeping confidentiality. Many people who have a communication disability do not get the resources, support and understanding they need to enable them to communicate. Because of this they are deprived of appropriate health and social services, opportunities for education and training, and employment. They are also vulnerable, at risk of abuse. Nor can they enjoy the social interaction, leisure pursuits, and the business of everyday life. In the scenario, the patient is clearly indeed need specific communication because she told the receptionist that she is slightly deaf. As a receptionist, I know that there are guidelines in communicating this kind of service users because it is present in every health care setting. The receptionist in the scenario should act the appropriate measures to communicate efficiently to the patient. We are promoting equality, diversity and rights of the patient. In addition, the receptionist did not open an interaction while the patient is trying to do conversations about her concerns and instead she gave directly an instruction to use the computer for indication that she arrived already. The receptionist is not fair to the patient according to the rights of the patient. The implication of these legislation and codes of practices in health and social care contexts is to implement the necessary services needed to those individual who have adversity in interacting or communicating another individual. Each individual including those with communication impairment or disabilities are accredited and free to exercise their own rights. In the legislation and codes of practices the service users must be given information the way they can receive and respond, access to training and support to the patient and his/her family to minimize the impact of the disability and improve interaction skills, enough time to communicate, and access to services. These guidelines will help the flow of system smoothly and efficiently along with appropriate care and procedures, hospital records. In the scenario, if the receptionist practices the principles of the legislations and charters, the way she deals with the patient will be nice and easier. The receptionist must take cons ideration to the patients situation by listening and providing as to what necessary services that patient needs. Patients confidentiality is important in every cases, its a core value in every healthcare setting and its a patients right to keep it with the health care providers that are involved in caring to that patient. Organizations are helping each other to evolve its policies, legislations, charters and systems to improve its effectiveness. They are setting goals to aim effective communication such as interpersonal communication, decision making, and establishing rapport not only to the service users but also to co-service providers. It focuses and promotes positive outcomes for good practices in work places, service provider trainings and development, advocacy, individualism, human rights and confidentiality. In a healthcare setting, the system must practice confidentiality, and patients rights regarding in information such as recording, storing, and relaying information. Only healthcare providers that are involved in caring the patient must share the information. In the scenario the receptionist used a loud voice to ask for the reasons of the patients visit in the General practitioner surgery. In that manner, the receptionist did not follow the health care system because other patients can hear the patient being asked and the patient answered the questions. Privacy and confidentiality of the patient is compromised. Communication is defined as the sending and receiving of messages between people. It contributes a big part from rendering care to the service users to running a health care facility. One misunderstanding in communication may cause big problems and might even cost patients life. There are so many ways to improve communication in healthcare settings especially in our scenario specifically for the special communication needs. By the use of communication tools such as pictures giving instructions or an interpreter and simplified instruction guides. We must provide necessary basic tools or equipment to help them communicate. This tool will help not only us to understand them but likewise to those people who need this kind of communication; it will not only help those people with disabilities or impairments, but also the ones who have language barriers. The administration must set their own assessment too, to monitor the feedback in the whole communication network. In the scenario, it is advisable for the receptionist to have trainings and monthly progress reports by their administration in the access to communication resources so that receptionist will be equipped with the knowledge in assessing if her patient has special communication needs. 1105 words Question 3 Scenario: You are attending your local G.P surgery for examinations as you have been unwell lately. The receptionist asks you loudly the reason for attending; other patients can hear you being asked. You explain to reception staff that you are slightly deaf. She asked you to use the computer screen in the waiting area to indicate that you have arrived. You explain to her that your English is limited and that you have no previous experience in using computers. You felt that the receptionist did not listen to you and that she was not sensitive to your concerns. Explore the use of information technology in communications in health and social care by: Analyse how the use of IT in health and social care benefits service users. Critically evaluate how the IT supports and enhances the activities of care workers and care organizations/ agencies. Analyse health and safety legal considerations in the use of IT The information Communication Technology allows us to improve the efficiency of the health care services. IT has the potential to improve the quality, and safety of health care. It improves positive patients experiences and facilities research and development relevant to health and social care. There are so many benefits of IT for services; in fact IT in healthcare setting is made for the development of rendering care to the patients. For example, the patient management systems, it allows the health care providers to render care to the right patient with right treatment at the right time. Another example is the inventory management system, it allows the healthcare providers to store and check for medical supplies and to ensure that medicines is readily available for the patients. They also have the electronic health record, billing system, and highly sophisticated medical devices. The standard ICT software is word processing, spreadsheets, database, information retrieval, and emails. They benefit the service users through meeting individual needs, administration of treatments, efficiency of administrative processes, accuracy of records, communication, and maintaining independence. A specific example is the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR) which serves as a patient-tra cking system providing real time access to patient data. Another example is the Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) which provides healthcare providers real-time diagnostic and treatment recommendations. There is also interoperability which refers to electronic communication among organizations so that the data in one IT system can be incorporated into another. These are the stuffs in ICT that are being used today. In the scenario the receptionist asks the patient to use the computer screen to indicate that the patient has arrived. In that scenario, they are using innovative machines already. The said machine of ICT is Electronic Health Records and Electronic Care Communications, it provides access to information, and must keep being developed and/or modernized in all areas for additional benefits. IT has the way for innovations of the quality and safety of health care. The ICT supports and enhances health and social care activities of care workers and care organizations and agencies. It is through financial, clinical, administrative, infrastructures, which the needs of manpower are met; and there is a demand regarding innovation in business administration which is efficiency and quality of service. It also helps in meeting requirements, accountability, and audit. In the scenario, the use of a computer screen as an indication of a patients arrival makes the work of the receptionist lighter and easier. If there was no such thing then like the traditional way of handling the services in a hospital, the receptionist will have to entertain every service user, with limited time, limited resources and limited manpower. The health and safety legal considerations in the use of ICT are quite dangerous when not brought into awareness by the users. Safety measures are needed before implementing the use of ICT. In fact, there were several issues taken into consideration in the use of ICT. Ergonomics are usually raised problems. One solution to have bigger and has to be good design interiors of the working environment to reduce and avoid the accompanying health and safety problems and if not tolerated may turn into inability or worst of the user. Radiation in computer monitors are very dangerous if prolong usage. It may destroy the normal eyesight of the user. Another problem when using ICT is the posture while seating or standing. Again prolong posture while using the said machines may turn into serious injury in the back of the service user. Stiff necks are also common in the user. In order to avoid this, the monitor should be at eye level, fleet flat on the floor, knees and elbows with angles, no strai ning of neck, and must have a well-adjusted brightness of the screen and a screen protector or radiation protector screen. Another solution for the users is exercise before using the computer like neck rotation, back bending and rotation and hands shake. A very common problem met in ICT is called eye strain due to too much usage of computer and the eyes are exposed to radiation. There is also the Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) like carpal tunnel syndrome in using the keyboards. Most of the time too much exposure and use of ICT give stress. For personal safety, it is deal to seek the experts who have taken health and safety courses in manual handling, and repairing especially that there are some hazardous substances present. In a scenario where I have no previous experience in using a computer, it would be best for the patient to call an assistance to demonstrate to me how to use it or better yet, the receptionist should provide assistance for the patient. ICT has many advantages and disadvantage so it depends on the users to control so that health wont be at stake. 806 words